Automatic car parking system Using Arduino

Automatic car parking system

 

Abstract

Now a day’s vehicle parking is an important issue and day by day its necessity is increasing. In Bangladesh we are still using the manual vehicle parking system and that is why we are facing problems like wastage of time and fuel finding free space around the parking ground when we need to park our car which requires a good amount of lighting. Another issue is chaos that happens while parking because there is no particular system anyone can park anywhere that sometime causes damage to the vehicles while moving out or in the parking lot. Security is also an issue there.

To solve these problems we are introducing new car parking system.

List of Materials

1. Arduino Uno

2. RFID Reader RC522

3. LCD 16x2

4. Power Supply

5. RFID Tags

6. Servo motor

7. Infrared proximmity sensor

                                                      Specification of Materials

                   Arduino Uno

The arduino uno is a microcontroller. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter."Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduno, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform.

LCD 16x2

LCD modules are vey commonly used in most embedded projects, the reason being its cheap price, availability and programmer friendly. Most of us would have come across these displays in our day to day life, either at PCO’s or calculators. The appearance and the pinouts have already been visualized above now let us get a bit technical.

16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a lot of combinations available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. but the most used one is the 16×2 LCD. So, it will have (16×2=32) 32 characters in total and each character will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots.  A Single character with all its Pixels is shown in the below picture

RFID Reader RC522

The RC522 is a 13.56MHz RFID module that is based on the MFRC522 controller from NXP semiconductors. The module can supports I2C, SPI and UART and normally is shipped with a RFID card and key fob. It is commonly used in attendance systems and other person/object identification applications

·         13.56MHz RFID module

·         Operating voltage: 2.5V to 3.3V

·         Communication : SPI, I2C protocol, UART

·         Maximum Data Rate: 10Mbps

·         Read Range: 5cm

·         Current Consumption: 13-26mA

·         Power down mode consumption: 10uA (min)

RFID Tag

An RFID tag contains a chip for storing information about physical object and an antenna to receive and transmit a signal. A RFID tag can usually store 1KB of data but it is enough for storing the name, credit card number, unique identification number, birth date and some more information.

Servo motor

To make this motor rotate, we have to power the motor with +5V using the Red and Brown wire and send PWM signals to the Orange colour wire. Hence we need something that could generate PWM signals to make this motor work, this something could be anything like a 555 Timer or other Microcontroller platforms like Arduino, PIC, ARM or even a microprocessor like Raspberry Pie. Now, how to control the direction of the motor? To understand that let us a look at the picture given in the datasheet.

From the picture we can understand that the PWM signal produced should have a frequency of 50Hz that is the PWM period should be 20ms. Out of which the On-Time can vary from 1ms to 2ms. So when the on-time is 1ms the motor will be in 0° and when 1.5ms the motor will be 90°, similarly when it is 2ms it will be 180°. So, by varying the on-time from 1ms to 2ms the motor can be controlled from 0° to 180°

Proximity Sensor

Proximity Sensor are used to detect objects and obstacles in front of sensor. Sensor keeps transmitting infrared light and when any object comes near, it is detected by the sensor by monitoring the reflected light from the object. ... Digital low output on detecting objects in front

Power Source

To Operate the System we need a power Source. For this Project we are using 18650 Lion battery and Charging Board of this.

The 18650 battery is a lithium-ion cell classified by its 18mm x 65mm size, which is slightly larger than a AA battery. They're often used in flashlights, laptops, and high-drain devices due to their superior capacity and discharge rates.

Charging Board Details

Power supply: 3.2V-5V

Output Voltage: 5V/1.6A

4 Led Indicator, Switch

Circuit  Diagram

Working Steps

1.Fix the track on Hardboard.  you can fix this by using hot melt glue, screw, rubber strip.
2. Fix the motor on cardboard by screw or rubber strip.
3. Connect a plastic or wooden rod to motor's axis, this is used as gate.
4. Fix two IR sensor in both side of gate (motor) and should be at equal distance as shown in my video
5.connect the IR sensor's Vcc and GND pin to Arduino
6.connect the output pins of IR sensors to Arduino's pin no 2 and 3
7.connect the pin no 4 and 5 of Arduino to L293D's input pins as shown in circuit.
8. Connect Lcd the pin on A0 to A5 of Arduinio .

9 Connect rfid the connection as shown in circuit.
10. Connect all the connection as shown in circuit.
11. Writing program

12.Upload program to arduino .

13.Disconnect arduino in pc

14.Then Power to circuit and arduino